Melasma is a chronic skin condition where dark, discolored patches appear on the skin — mostly on sun-exposed areas of the face. It is more common in women, especially during pregnancy or hormonal changes, and is triggered by sunlight and heat.

Common Causes:
    •    Hormonal changes (pregnancy, birth control)
    •    Prolonged sun exposure
    •    Genetics and skin type
    •    Stress or thyroid disorders
    •    Use of certain skincare products

Symptoms:
    •    Brown, tan, or grayish patches
    •    Usually symmetrical on both sides of the face
    •    Most commonly seen on cheeks, forehead, nose, and upper lip
    •    No itching or pain, but cosmetic concern

Treatment Options:
    •    Sunscreen (broad spectrum SPF 50+)
    •    Hydroquinone or Kojic acid creams
    •    Chemical peels (glycolic or salicylic acid)
    •    Laser pigmentation removal
    •    Microneedling with skin brightening serums
    •    Oral antioxidants or supplements

Long-term sun protection and skin care routine are key to preventing recurrence of melasma.